Acute glomerulonephritis is a significant kidney condition marked by inflammation of the glomeruli, which can severely impact kidney function. This lecture will focus on how this condition disrupts acid-base balance and leads to various metabolic disorders, highlighting the necessity for prompt diagnosis and management. ddo-
Acute kidney disease, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), refers to a rapid decline in kidney function over a short period. This condition can result from various causes, including ischemia, toxins, and obstruction, and it is crucial for timely diagnosis and management to prevent long-term complications. ddo-
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is often associated with various risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Early detection and management are crucial to slowing the progression of the disease and preventing complications. ddo-
Hyponatremia is a medical condition characterized by low serum sodium levels, typically defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L. This condition can arise from various factors such as fluid imbalances, excessive water intake, or underlying medical issues that impact kidney function or hormonal regulation. ddo-
The glomerulotubular system is essential for kidney function, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubules that filter blood and regulate the balance of electrolytes, water, and waste products. This lecture will delve into the structure and physiology of these components and their crucial role in maintaining homeostasis during urine formation. ddo-
Hypertension is a chronic condition marked by consistently elevated blood pressure, posing serious health risks such as cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and kidney damage. Effective management combines lifestyle changes and appropriate medications to reduce these risks. ddo-
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to symptoms such as swelling, especially in the legs and around the eyes. It results from damage to the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, and can be caused by various underlying conditions. ddo-
Renal replacement therapies (RRT) are critical interventions for individuals suffering from severe kidney dysfunction. These therapies, including dialysis and kidney transplantation, provide life-saving treatment options for patients facing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or acute kidney injury (AKI). ddo-
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is a kidney disease that involves inflammation and damage to the renal tubules and interstitium, which can lead to impaired kidney function. The condition can arise from various causes, including infections, medications, and autoimmune disorders, and may present acutely or progress into chronic kidney disease if not properly managed. ddo-